KETJU Research

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Dollar lending

Pareto Credit

Not approved Off-chain credit is outside the approved structures
Issued
2026-08-14
Last confirmed
2026-08-14
Next check due
2026-11-15
Chains
Ethereum · No freeze key

Pareto Credit offers permissioned credit vaults where whitelisted lenders fund named borrowers under an off-chain Master Loan Agreement. Borrowers receive the deposited assets in their wallets, while the vault token records each lender’s claim. The contracts show servicing activity, but they cannot make a borrower’s balance sheet or legal recovery liquid on-chain. This class rule rejects the structure, but does not find that a Pareto borrower has defaulted.

The research file

Mechanism

Pareto documents lending cycles of one to four weeks. A curator sets the interest-rate model and cycle length; lenders receive vault shares, and the borrower wallet receives the funded assets directly. Each participant must complete Keyring verification and sign the vault Master Loan Agreement.

Control and evidence

Operators manage each vault, and curators may change economic terms between cycles subject to the governing agreements. On-chain balances and payments show cash movement, but contracts still govern underwriting, covenants and enforcement. This review does not approve any individual borrower or reach a conclusion about losses over a full cycle.

Exit consequences

A lender normally requests a withdrawal at the end of one cycle and relies on the borrower to repay at the end of the next cycle. Pareto describes a limited early-exit window after a large enough rate cut, subject to the Credit Agreement. A vault share is therefore not as liquid as cash.

Why the class rule decides

Returns depend on private businesses repaying their loans and on legal enforcement, not on-chain collateral that can be sold promptly. The off-chain-credit rule therefore controls regardless of the operator’s quality. Review reopens with borrower-level financials, covenant and collateral details, independent verification, realized loss and recovery history, and evidence of redemptions under stress.

Class rule

The off chain credit class is outside the approved structures, so every protocol in it is not approved until the rule changes. The rule is about the structure, not an adverse finding about this protocol, and it is not a client instruction. The events that would reopen it are listed with the memo.

Sources

The claims above trace to these. Where a number could not be independently verified, the thesis says so.

Inherited controls

The research above describes the protocol layer. Every position also inherits the asset it holds and the chain it settles on. The layer with the most administrative power sets the position’s effective control; that describes control, not quality or suitability.

ChainVerdictControlControl constraint
EthereumApproved No freeze key No sequencer, no upgrade key, no operator who can be compelled. Rule changes require social consensus.
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